Components and working principle of gantry crane

taitai

Due to the integration of materials, the role of crane is becoming more and more important. Now, the development trend of crane is high-speed, large-scale, intelligent and automation. Gantry crane is playing a more and more important role. We need to constantly improve it to make its performance better and better and meet the needs of more customers.

Gantry crane is a heavy mechanical equipment, and its working conditions are very heavy. In order to ensure that it can have sufficient strength, stiffness and stability under complex and changeable loads, we must select a metal frame that can carry the whole crane and connection, so as to have sufficient safety. The safe working life of the gantry crane mainly depends on its metal skeleton. As long as the metal skeleton is not damaged, it can be used safely. Other devices and parts will not affect its life. However, once its metal skeleton is damaged, it will bring serious consequences to the gantry crane.

Metal structure form of gantry crane

According to the different mechanical characteristics of the metal structure of gantry crane, we can roughly divide it into three categories: one is that the beam and truss are the main members bearing bending moment; Second, the column is the main component under pressure; The third is the compression bending member, which is mainly used to bear both pressure and bending moment. According to the stress mode and structural size of these components, we can design the metal structure of gantry crane into structural type, solid web type and hybrid type. Next, we will mainly talk about solid web members. The so-called solid web component is mainly composed of steel plate. The main application occasion is that the load is large and the overall dimension is small. It has the advantages of automatic welding, simple manufacture, high fatigue strength, small stress concentration, wide application range, convenient installation and maintenance, etc. at the same time, it also has the disadvantages of large self weight and poor rigidity.

Gantry crane composition

Composition of gantry crane operating mechanism

The running mechanism refers to the mechanism that makes the crane move horizontally. It is mainly used to move goods horizontally. The rail running mechanism refers to the mechanism that moves on a special track. Its characteristics are small running resistance and large load. Its disadvantage is that the moving range is limited, while those trackless running mechanisms can move on ordinary roads, It has a wider scope of operation. The running mechanism of the crane is mainly composed of driving device, running support device and safety device. The driving device includes prime mover, transmission device and brake. The operation support device is composed of track and steel wheel group, and the safety device is composed of wind and anti sliding device, travel limit switch, buffer and track end stop. These devices can effectively avoid trolley derailment and crane overturning caused by strong wind.

Working principle of lifting mechanism of gantry crane

The motor of the crane is connected with the reducer through the coupling. It combines the drum and hook with the steel wire rope through the rotation of the low-speed shaft of the reducer to make it work. When the motor works, it rotates in different positive and negative directions to transfer the motion to the drum, and then the drum draws in or releases the steel wire rope to make the hook lift or lower the heavy object. Its basic principle is to convert the rotation of the motor into the lifting movement of the heavy object. In case of sudden power failure, brake and the lifted object will stop at the specified position. When it rises to the limit position, it will touch the limiter to stop the hook.

• The motor of the crane is connected together by a coupling and a reducer.
• It works by rotating the low speed shaft of the reducer to bring the reel and hook together with the wire rope and so on.
• When the motor works, the movement is transferred to the reel by rotating it in different positive and negative directions, and then the reel rolls the wire rope in or out, causing the hook to lift or lower the weight.
• The basic principle is that the rotation of the motor is transformed into the lifting and lowering movement of the load. When the power is suddenly cut, the brake is applied and the load is stopped at the specified position. When the load is raised to the limit position, the limiter is touched, stopping the hook's movement.
  

Components and working principle of gantry crane